Java设计模式(转)——9.外观模式

作者:じ☆ve宝贝

发布时间:2015-09-15T12:41:19

9.外观模式(Facade)

外观模式是为了解决类与类之间的依赖关系的,像spring一样,可以将类和类之间的关系配置到配置文件中,而外观模式就是将他们的关系放在一个Facade类中,降低了类类之间的耦合度,该模式中没有涉及到接口,看下类图:(我们以一个计算机的启动过程为例) 外观设计模式

我们先看下实现类:

public class CPU {

    public void startup(){
        System.out.println("cpu startup!");
    }

    public void shutdown(){
        System.out.println("cpu shutdown!");
    }
}
public class Memory {

    public void startup(){
        System.out.println("memory startup!");
    }

    public void shutdown(){
        System.out.println("memory shutdown!");
    }
}
public class Disk {

    public void startup(){
        System.out.println("disk startup!");
    }

    public void shutdown(){
        System.out.println("disk shutdown!");
    }
}
public class Computer {
    private CPU cpu;
    private Memory memory;
    private Disk disk;

    public Computer(){
        cpu = new CPU();
        memory = new Memory();
        disk = new Disk();
    }

    public void startup(){
        System.out.println("start the computer!");
        cpu.startup();
        memory.startup();
        disk.startup();
        System.out.println("start computer finished!");
    }

    public void shutdown(){
        System.out.println("begin to close the computer!");
        cpu.shutdown();
        memory.shutdown();
        disk.shutdown();
        System.out.println("computer closed!");
    }
}

User类如下:

public class User {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Computer computer = new Computer();
        computer.startup();
        computer.shutdown();
    }
}

输出:

start the computer! cpu startup! memory startup! disk startup! start computer finished! begin to close the computer! cpu shutdown! memory shutdown! disk shutdown! computer closed!

如果我们没有Computer类,那么,CPU、Memory、Disk他们之间将会相互持有实例,产生关系,这样会造成严重的依赖,修改一个类,可能会带来其他类的修改,这不是我们想要看到的,有了Computer类,他们之间的关系被放在了Computer类里,这样就起到了解耦的作用,这就是外观模式!